Related Suppliers
Assay:98% Appearance:Showed in specifications Package:according to the clients requirement Storage:Store in dry, dark and ventilated place. Transportation:by sea or by air Application:It is an important raw material and intermediate used in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals and Dyestuff.
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Dayang Chem (Hangzhou) Co.,Ltd. [
China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:white-off solid or colorless liquid ( referto COA) Package:25kgs/fiber drum or 200kgs/UN drum Storage:Keep in a cool & dry place Transportation:by sea or by air Application:Organic intermediates
Min. Order:1Metric Ton
Supplier:Simagchem Corporation [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:White powder Package:In Aluminum foil bags ,carton outside Storage:Room Temperature Transportation:Delivery by Air /Courier door to door service Application:For pharmaceutica use
Min. Order:1Metric Ton
Supplier:HENAN NEW BLUE CHEMICAL CO.,LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99%min. Appearance:white powder Package:1kg/Export worthy packing; 25kg/drum Storage:Storage: In well-closed container, protected from light and in cool & dry place. Transportation:By Air, By Sea, By courier (door to door, DHL/FedEx/UPS) Application:The product is used for pharmaceutical intermediates.
Min. Order:1Gram
Supplier:LIDE PHARMACEUTICALS LIMITED [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98%min Appearance:white powder Package:By foil-alum bag or pap Storage:Place in a dry, ventilated place. Transportation:By courier, air or sea. Application:pharmaceutical intermediates
Min. Order:1Gram
Supplier:Hangzhou Dingyan Chem Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% purity Appearance:Crystalline Package:According to the need to packing Storage:sealed,dry,low temperature Transportation:air,sea and courier Application:intermediate
Min. Order:1Gram
Supplier:Shanghai Minstar Chemical Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:powder or liquid Package:according to customer requirements Storage:store in dry dark and ventilated place Transportation:By Sea/Air/Courier Application:It is an important raw material.
Min. Order:10Gram
Supplier:Zibo Hangyu Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:White Crystalline Powder Package:According to client's requirements Storage:0 鈩? Transportation:by sea/by air/by express Application:Chemical products
Min. Order:10Kilogram
Supplier:Hangzhou ZeErRui Chemical Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:white powder Package:According to the customer's requestment Storage:Store in dry, dark and ventilated plac... Transportation:Fast! Safe! Promise 100% safe and successful transportation. Door to door transportation services. Application:Pharmaceutical intermediates
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:RongNa Biotechnology Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:White fine powder Package:according to the clients requirement Storage:Sealed dry storage Transportation:Transportation by express, air, sea; port mainly to Qingdao / Tianjin / Shanghai, or according to customer needs to send different ports and aviation. Application:oled
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Shandong Hanjiang Chemical Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:Brown powder Package:According to customer requirements Storage:Avoid light, ventilation and shade Transportation:Sea or Air Application:Medical research field
Min. Order:1Gram
Supplier:Qingdao Beluga Import and Export Co., LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:white Package:In plastic outside weave or according to your request Storage:Store in a cool and dry place Transportation:Transport锛? EMS,DHL, TNT, UPS ,FEDEX, BY AIR, BY SEA DHL Express, FedEx and EMS for quantity less than 50KG, usually called as DDU service; Sea shipping for quantity over 500KG; And air shipping i Application:study Industrial grade, pharmaceutical grade, food grade, cosmetic grade, reagent grade
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Hebei Nengqian Chemical Import and Export Co., LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99.00% Appearance:White Powder Package:25KG/Drum Storage:Preserve in tight, light-resistant containers Transportation:By Air& By Sea Application:Pharmaceutical
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Golden Pharma Co., Limited [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:powder Package:Ex-factory package Storage:Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature Transportation:1.Stock products are normally shipping within 3 working days. 2.For rush delivery, please contact our sales team for particular arrangement. Shipping Details: 1.We ship goods via DHL, Application:Pharmaceutical raw materials
Min. Order:1Gram
Supplier:HEBEI SHENGSUAN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO.,LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99.0% Appearance:liquid Package:Grams, Kilograms Storage:Store the container tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place. Store apart from foodstuff containers or incompatible materials. Transportation:According to customer request Application:For R&D and commerical use
Min. Order:100Gram
Supplier:Chemlyte Solutions [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:Powder Package:Glass bottle, customizable Storage:Store at room temperature Transportation:Air and sea transportation Application:Pharmaceutical Industry
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Shanghai Wibson Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99%min Appearance:white to off white powder Package:According to regular packing:bottle,Foil Bag ,Tin , drum etc Storage:Shall be stored it in a dry and cool area. Transportation:ocean shipping or air transportation Application:Pharmaceutical active ingredients Pharmaceutical intermediates etc
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Afine Chemicals Limited [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:鈮?8% Appearance:powder Package:BAG Storage:In cool ,dry place Transportation:Air or sea freight Application:for pharma use
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Qingdao Chengyuan Kaisheng Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:detailed see specifications Package:100g/bag,1kg/bag,25kg/drum,according to the clients requirement Storage:Store in dry, dark and ventilated place. Transportation:by air or by ocean shipping Application:An important raw material and intermediate used in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceuticals
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Hangzhou Zhongqi chem Co.,Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:NLT 98% Appearance:White powder Package:Aluminum bag Storage:Room temperature Transportation:By air Application:Used in producing API
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Hangzhou Huarong Pharm Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:white powder Appearance:Keep it in dry,shady and cool place Package:Transit could be DHL,UPS,TNT,EMS,Fedex,and so on. For mass orders, it will be delivered by air or sea. For small order, please expect 3-7 days by UPS DHL EMS. For mass order, please allow 5-8 days... Storage:Pharma;Industry;Agricultural;chemical reaserch Transportation:Any port in China Application:25kg,50kg,180kg,200kg,250kg,1000kg锛宑ustomization
Min. Order:0
Supplier:TAIZHOU ZHENYU BIOTECHNOLOGY CO., LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:HPLC鈮?8% Appearance:powder Storage:Sealed in dry,Room Temperature Transportation:by express or by sea Application:for pharma use
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Hangzhou Shanyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:0.98 Appearance:Off white to slight yellow solid Package:1L 5L 10L 25L bottle Storage:Stored in shaded, cool and dry places Transportation:Handle with cares to avoid damaging the packages. Protect them from sunshine or rain. We can send by Fedex, by ship or by plane according to international rules. Application:pharma intermediate
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Antimex Chemical Limied [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98%, 99% Appearance:Refer to COA Package:According to clients' requirement Storage:Store in dry, cool and ventilated place Transportation:By sea or by air or by courier Application:Pharmaceutical raw materials, can be made into pharmaceutical preparation
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Hangzhou Ocean Chemical Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99.90% Appearance:solid or liquid Package:drum and bag Storage:in sealed air resistant place Transportation:by sea or air Application:for pharma use
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Kono Chem Co.,Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:White powder Package:200/Kilograms Storage:Sealed and preserved Transportation:By sea Application:Fine chemical intermediates, used as the main raw material for the synthesis of various pesticides, medicines, surfactants, polymer monomers, and antifungal agents
Min. Order:0
Supplier:GIHI CHEMICALS CO.,LIMITED [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:Crystalline Package:25kg/Barrel Storage:ln stock Transportation:Express/Sea/Air Application:Chemicals
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Hangzhou Sartort Biopharma Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:see detailed specifications Package:bottle/drum Storage:keep in dry and cool condition Transportation:By Courier/Air/Sea Application:pharmaceutical use,food use,Raw materials for the synthesis of new sweeteners and certain chiral pharmaceutical intermediates.
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Hebei Mujin Biotechnology Co.,Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Application:intermediate
Min. Order:0
Supplier:SAGECHEM LIMITED [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:Solid Storage:Protect from light and keep dry Application:Pharmaceutical intermediates
Min. Order:0
Supplier:ORCHID CHEMICAL SUPPLIES LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:Off white to white powder Application:Food additive,Pharm
Min. Order:0
Supplier:HANGZHOU TIANYE CHEMICALS CO., LTD. [ China (Mainland)]
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Jinxin Shengda Air Freight Forwarding (Huizhou City) Co., LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:white powder Package:drum Storage:Room temperature Transportation:By Sea/Air/DHL Application:Pharmaceutical intermediates
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Henan Wentao Chemical Product Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:Showed in specifications Package:10g,20g,50g,100g,500g,1KGS,5KGS,10KGS,25KGS?per?bag?/?drum?/?bottle Storage:store in cool, dry, ventilated place 20鈩?nbsp;Transportation:by Sea, air and express Application:Applied to the basic raw materials and oil fields of medicine, pesticide, fuel and other organic synthesis.
Min. Order:10Gram
Supplier:Jilin Artel New Materials Co., LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98%min Appearance:Off-white to light yellow powder Package:According to the clients requirement. Storage:Keep in cool place. Application:Pharmaceutical intermediates
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Hangzhou J&H Chemical Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99.0% min Appearance:Highest quality appearance Package:25kgs/drum锛?00kg/drum锛汭BC TANK Storage:Keep in dry and well ventilated warehouse, keep sealed Transportation:By air and by sea Application:Extremely good quality, widely used in Pharmaceutical Industry, Food Industry, agricultural industry etc.
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Hangzhou Johoo Chemical Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:power Package:According to the needs Storage:Dry and cool Transportation:by air 锛宐y sea Application:chemical
Min. Order:1Metric Ton
Supplier:Henan Blight Industry Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Package:box or opp package Storage:cool drum Transportation:air or sea Application:1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid
Min. Order:1Milligram
Supplier:weifang yangxu group co.,ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:Transparent to light yellow liquid Package:Safe Packaging Storage:Store in RT Transportation:By sea or air as request Application:api
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Hubei Shengliyuan New Materials Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:powder Package:25Kg/Drum or as demand Storage:Store in a cool, dry, ventilated place Transportation:BY COURIER/AIR/SEA Application:Used in organic synthesis.
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Kunshan Push Trading Co.,LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99 Appearance:powder, or liquid Package:Bottle, barrel, cargo, container, etc. Storage:Stored in room temperature, ventilated place Transportation:By air, ship, express, etc. Application:Pharmaceuticals, intermediates, APIs, custom synthesis, chemicals
Min. Order:0
Supplier:LEAP CHEM Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:white powder Package:as per customers'demand Storage:Store in dry, dark and ventilated place Transportation:air,sea,courier Application:Widely used in various universities, research institutes, medicine, food, electronics, agriculture, chemical industry, petrochemicals and many other fields of the national economy
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Jilin Tianyun New Materials Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:white powder Package:25kg,50kg,180kg,200kg,250kg,1000kg锛宑ustomization Storage:Keep it in dry,shady and cool place Transportation:by express or by sea Application:Pharma;Industry;Agricultural;chemical reaserch
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Wuhan Circle Star Chem-medical Technology co.,Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:COA Appearance:COA Storage:in stock Application:MSDS/TDS
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Aecochem Corp. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Application:API
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Xian Changyue Biological Technology Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Application:API
Min. Order:0
Supplier:DB BIOTECH CO., LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Application:api
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Linyi Fuyi International Trade Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Application:API
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Wuhan Bright Chemical Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:White Powder Package:25kg/drum Storage:Store in cool and dry place, away from sun light. Transportation:By sea or by air Application: Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Min. Order:5Metric Ton
Supplier:Henan Sinotech Import&Export Corporation [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:detailed see specifications Package:according to the clients requirement Storage:Store in dry, dark and ventilated place Transportation:transport by sea or by air Application:Pyridine series; Halides; Pyridines; Fluorine series; custom synthesis molecular; API Intermediates.
Min. Order:1Gram
Supplier:Shanghai Massive Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99%min Appearance:detailed see specifications Package:250kgs/drum Storage: Stored in a cool and dry well-closed container. Keep away from moisture and strong light/heat. Transportation:by air or sea Application:1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid CAS No.:22059-21-8, An import raw material for organic synthesis or pharmaceuticals.
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Hangzhou Think Chemical Co. Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:White to off-white crystalline powder Package:As customer request Storage:Store in a cool,dry place and keep away from direct strong light Transportation:By Sea/Air/Courier Application:1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic Acid is a plant growth regulator. It is an NMDA agonist acting at the glycine site.
Min. Order:10Metric Ton
Supplier:Triumph International Development Limilted [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99%min Appearance:White to off-white Powder and Granules Package: Aluminum foil bag /Fiber drum / as customers' request. Storage:Store at 0掳C Transportation:By air; by sea; or as customers' request. Application:Neurochemicals
Min. Order:10Kilogram
Supplier:Baoji Guokang Healthchem co.,ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:White powder Package: [Packaging]20mg, 50mg,100mg,1g,10g,100g,according to customers' requirements Storage: should be stored in a well-closed container at low temperature, keep away from moisture, heat and light. Transportation:1. Samples 1kg-10kg are shipped by international express. 2. 50kg-100kg of goods are transported by dedicated line logistics. 3. Cargo 100kg-1ton is transported by dedicated line logistics. Application:Raw materials in the pharmaceutical field
Min. Order:10Kilogram
Supplier:Zhuozhou Wenxi import and Export Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99.9% Appearance:Refer to COA Package:drum Storage:keep in cool and dry place Transportation:by sea or by air Application:Intermediates and materials
Min. Order:1
Supplier:Ality Chemical Corporation [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:powder Package:According to client's requirements Storage:Store in dry, dark and ventilated place. Transportation:by sea/by air/by express Application:pharmaceutical intermediates
Min. Order:1Gram
Supplier:Hangzhou KieRay Chem Co.,Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:detailed see specifications Package:According to the clients requirement. Storage:Store at 2~8掳C Transportation:by air or by ocean shipping Application:analysis,activity test,Botanical Reference Materials,Standard materials
Min. Order:10Milligram
Supplier:Hubei CuiRan Biotechnology Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:liquid or powder Package:according to the clients requirement Storage:Dry and Cool Place Transportation:UPS FedEx ,DHL,EXPRESS LINE Application:API
Min. Order:1Gram
Supplier:Shandong Mopai Biotechnology Co., LTD [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99.0% Appearance:Clear, colorless liquid Package:according to your requirement Storage:Store in a dry, dark and ventilated place Transportation:by air/by sea /by train Application:lt is an important raw material and intermediate used in Organic Synthesis, Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals and Dyestuff.
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Suzhou Senfeida Chemical Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:97% Appearance:Powder or liquid Package:According to customer Storage:Store in a tightly closed container, in a cool and dry place. Transportation:Fedex,DHL,TNT,BY SEA and BY AIR Application:Medicinal Chemistry Biomedicine Pharmaceutical intermediates Chemistry experiment Biological experiments Chemical reagent For R&D use only.
Min. Order:10Milligram
Supplier:Amadis Chemical Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Haccp,,Halal,SC US FDA GMP ISO14001 Appearance:As per Certificate of analysis and our TDS, MSDS Package:Export standard and according to the clients requirement Storage:Store in dry, dark and ventilated place;ISO / Kosher /GMP licence commercial bulk capacity factory in China Transportation:By AIR or by SEA GMP licence / US-FDA,South Korea-KFDA Application:It is an important raw material and intermediate for chemical industry.
Min. Order:5Kiloliter
Supplier:Chemwill Asia Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:鈮?8% Appearance:Liquid Package:Glass bottle or drum Storage:2-8鈩?nbsp;Transportation:RT Application:IMPURTY
Min. Order:50Milligram
Supplier:Shenzhen Regent Biochemistry Tech Co., Ltd. [
Hong Kong,China]
Assay:99% Appearance:white powder/ Refer to COA Package:Factory standard packaging or according to customer requirements Storage:Refer to COA / MSDS Transportation:Express/Sea/Air Application:1-Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid 22059-21-8 CAS FACTORY
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Hangzhou Fonlynn Health Technology Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99.3% Appearance:white or Almost colorless Package:2.5kg or 5kg Transportation:Air freight, sea freight, and express delivery Application:Pharmaceutical intermediate
Min. Order:4Kilogram
Supplier:SHANGHAI T&W PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:White to light yellow to light orange fluffy powder Package:according to your requirement Storage:White to light yellow to light orange fluffy powder Transportation:by air /by train/by sea Application:lab
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Jiangsu Xinsu New Materials Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:Analysis control,T鈮?8% Appearance:See the datasheet Package:25g Storage:RT,Dark,Dry Transportation:By Express, Air and Road Application:Analytical reagent, biochemical reagent, standard
Min. Order:1bottle
Supplier:Shanghai Acmec Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99% Appearance:light yellow solid Storage:Sealed in dry,Room Temperature Application:Chemical raw materials, pharmaceutical intermediates
Min. Order:1Kilogram
Supplier:Ningbo Syntame Biotech Co.,Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Package:bottle Transportation:Sealed drying锛?5鈩冿級 Application:Drug R&D
Min. Order:1Gram
Supplier:Suzhou Sibian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:solid or liquid Package:According to customer鈥榮 requirement Storage:Keep in a cool & dry place Transportation:by sea or air Application:Fine Intermediate
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Xiamen AmoyChem Co.,Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99%MIN Package:25KG Or as client requirement Storage:Available Transportation:By air or By sea Application:Important pharm intermediate
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co.,Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:95%+ Package:R&D,Pilot run Transportation:per client require Application:Pharmaceutical Intermediates
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Hunan chemfish Pharmaceutical co.,Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:96% Appearance:white to light yellow crystal powder Package:according to the clients requirement Storage:Room temperature with sealed well Transportation:by sea or by air Application:Use as primary and secondary intermediate
Min. Order:0
Supplier:BOC Sciences [
United States]
Assay:98% Appearance:White powder Package:According client's requirements Storage:keep sealed and keep from direct light Transportation:by express or by sea Application:pharmaceutical
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98.5% Appearance:white/off-white or light yellow Package:aluminum bottle,glass bottle,PTFE bottle,cardboard drum Storage:Store in cool and dry place, keep away from strong light and heat. Transportation:by courier, by air, by sea Application:This product can be used in food/pharmaceutical/cosmetical industry
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Suzhou Health Chemicals Co., Ltd. [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99.90% Appearance:solid or liquid Package:As customer's requested Storage:sealed in cool and dry place Transportation:by courier/air/sea Application:Pharma Intermediate
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Guangdong Juda Chemical Industrial Co.,Limited [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Appearance:solid or liquid Package:Foil bag; Drum; Plastic bottle Storage:in sealed air resistant place Transportation:by sea or by airplane Application:Pharma;Industry;Agricultural
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Hunan Russell Chemicals Technology Co.,Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:HPLC鈮?8% Appearance:powder Storage:Sealed in dry,Room Temperature Transportation:by express or by sea Application:for pharma use
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Falcon Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:0.98 Package:Grams, Kilograms Transportation:According to customer request Application:For R&D
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Win-Win chemical Co.Ltd [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:99.50%锛堜互璇佷功涓哄噯锛?nbsp;Appearance:10mg Transportation:By Air Application:Laboratory analysis/Instrument calibration/Quality control
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Weiyel Inc [ China (Mainland)]
Assay:98% Package:According to the demand of customer Storage:Sealed, dry, microtherm , avoid light and smell. Transportation:by air or by sea Application:Organic synthesis
Min. Order:0
Supplier:Henan Allgreen Chemical Co.,Ltd [ China (Mainland)]