The volatile cyanides resemble hydrocyanic acid physiologically, inhibiting tissue oxidation and causing death through asphyxia. Cyanogen is probably as toxic as hydrocyanic acid; the nitriles are generally considered somewhat less toxic, probably because of their lower volatility. The nonvolatile cyanide salts appear to be relatively nonhazardous systemically, so long as they are not ingested and care is taken to prevent the formation of hydrocyanic acid. Workers, such as electroplaters and picklers, who are daily exposed to cyanide solutions may develop a “cyanide” rash, characterized by itching and by macular, papular, and vesicular eruptions. Frequently there is secondary infection. Exposure to small amounts of cyanide compounds over long periods of time is reported to cause loss of appetite, headache, weakness, nausea, dizziness, and symptoms of irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes.
Flammable by chemical reaction with heat, moisture, acid. Many cyanides evolve hydrocyanic acid rather easily. This is a flammable gas and is highly toxic. Carbon dioxide from the air is sufficiently acidic to liberate hydrocyanic acid from cyanide solutions. Explodes if melted with nitrite or chlorate @ about 450°. Violent reaction with F2, Mg, nitrates, HNO3, nitrites. Upon contact with acid, acid fumes, water, or steam, it will produce toxic and flammable vapors of CN− and Na2O. Used in the extraction of gold and silver ores, in electroplating, and in insecticides. See also CYANIDE and HYDROCYANIC ACID.
Analytical Methods:
For occupational chemical analysis use NIOSH: Cyanides, 7904.
liansport Information:UN 1689
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